The CIA mind control experiments were interwoven with radiation, chemical and biological weapons experiments conducted on children, comatose patients, pregnant women, the general population and other unwitting groups who had no idea they were subjects in secret experiments. Radiation, bacteria and funguses were released over urban areas.

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     A large cloud of radiation was released over Spokane during OPERATION GREEN RUN; plutonium was injected into a comatose patient in Boston by Dr. William Sweet, a member of the Harvard brain electrode team; plutonium was placed in the cereal of mentally handicapped children at the Fernald School in New England; 751 pregnant women were injected with plutonium at Vanderbilt University; the bacteria serratia maracens was released into the air in San Francisco, resulting in a series of infections and plutonium was injected into an amputee at the University of Rochester.  All these experiments were conducted without any informed consent or meaningful follow-up.  Hallucinogens, marijuana, amphetamines and other drugs were administered to imprisoned narcotic addicts in Lexington, Kentucky, terminal cancer patients at Georgetown University Hospital, hospitalized sex offenders at Ionia State Hospital in Michigan and johns picked by prostitutes hired by the CIA in San Francisco and New York.
     Most of these experiments were conducted by psychiatrists with TOP SECRET clearance.  These included Louis Jolyon West, Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Oklahoma and later at UCLA; Dr. Robert Hyde in Boston; Dr. Carl Rogers at the University of Wisconsin; Dr. Martin Orne at Harvard; Dr. Charles Osgood at the University of Illinois; Dr. James Hamilton at Stanford; Dr. Charles Geschichter at the University of Richmond and Dr. Harold Abramson and Dr. Harold Wolff at Cornell.  Other TOP SECRET-cleared MKULTRA contractors included Dr. Maitland Baldwin, a neurosurgeon at the National Institutes of Health and Dr. Carl Pfeiffer, a pharmacologist at Emory.
     The CIA doctors violated all medical codes of ethics dating back to Hippocrates, including the Nuremberg Code.  The experimental subjects were not told the real purpose of the experiments, did not give informed consent, were not afforded outside counsel and received no meaningful follow-up.  As described by the psychiatrists in published papers, experiments with LSD and other hallucinogens, combined with sensory deprivation, electroshock and other interrogation techniques, resulted in psychosis and death among other “side effects.”  
     The purpose of these experiments was to see how easily a person could be put into a psychotic state or controlled.
In a series of MKULTRA projects, the CIA paid a former Bureau of Narcotics officer, George White, to set up safe houses in San Francisco and New York that were decorated like brothels.  George White then hired prostitutes to pick up johns at bars, bring them back to the safe house, give them LSD without their knowledge, and then have sex with them.  The CIA officers watched the sex through one-way mirrors.  The project documents state that the purpose of the experiments was to test the effects of LSD on unwitting subjects under field conditions that mimicked an interrogation of a foreign operative.
     In one of the memos contained in the MKULTRA files for these projects, however, another purpose of the safe house operation is revealed.  The CIA was actually testing the performance of “Jekyll-Hyde” identities they had created in the prostitutes.  They wanted to see if they could make female spies or female agents with alternate controllable personalities.  Another purpose of these experiments was to test the CIA’s Manchurian Candidate prostitutes under conditions that mimicked a field operation.  The johns were given LSD as part of the cover for testing the CIA’s female Manchurian Candidates prior to their use in actual operations (the mission being to have sex with and extract information from targets).  The recruitment of street prostitutes provided an additional layer of cover for the testing of the Manchurian Candidates, plus it provided free live pornography for the CIA officers.
     In other experiments, conducted by Dr. Jose Delgado at Yale and Drs. Vernon Mark, Frank Ervin and William Sweet at Harvard, brain electrodes were implanted in people and their mental state and behavior was controlled from a remote radio transmitter box.  These experiments were conducted with funding from the Office of Naval Research.  In experiments at Tulane funded by the CIA and the Army, implantation of brain electrodes was combined with injecting mescaline and other substances directly into the experimental subjects’ brains.
BLUEBIRD, ARTICHOKE and MKULTRA were the precursors of present-dayenhanced interrogation programs used by the CIA at secret prisons outside the United States.  Water-boarding, electric shock, hooding, prolonged sleep deprivation, death threats and other techniques discussed in the Senate and Congress and in the media, are, in my opinion, elements of a limited hangout, a CIA strategy in which a little bit of the truth is revealed in order to cover up the greater part of the truth.  None of these experiments or operational programs would be possible without the participation of doctors, psychiatrists and psychologists.  The doctors are directly involved in testing the interrogation techniques and monitoring their effects.
     The purpose of mind control experiments is controlling human behavior: making enemy combatants open up during interrogation; protecting secret information by erasing memories; making spies more resistant to interrogation because secret information is held by hidden identities and making people more prone to influence, social control and suggestion.  It has nothing to do with medical treatment, easing suffering or curing disease. The mind control experiments and operational programs violate basic human rights and all codes of medical ethics.
     Dr. Colin Ross is a psychiatrist, internationally renowned researcher, author and lecturer. In addition to The CIA Doctors and Military Mind Control, he is also author of Project Bluebird, in which he exposes unethical experiments conducted by psychiatrists to create amnesia, new identities, hypnotic access codes, and new memories in the minds of experimental subjects. His research is based on 15,000 pages of documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act. Dr. Ross is a past president of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation. He is the founder and President of the Colin A. Ross Institute for Psychological Trauma.

Eugenics in America; war on the weak

Politics generally amounts to the horizontal struggle between organized groups and wealthy individuals in the pursuit of their real or perceived interests. By contrast, eugenics represents a vertical effort – lobbying for the genetic patrimony of future generations. Unaccustomed to protests on behalf of this as yet nonexistent group, those of us who are currently breathing generally find it more comforting to proceed from an assumption of human particularism. Philosopher David Heyd of the Hebrew University writes of the purported “rift between the human and the natural”: while animals are viewed as being instinct driven in a positivist sense, people lay claim to reason and ‘free will.’ But once the recognition is made of the continuity of humanity with other species, it becomes more and more difficult to “characterize humans in contradistinction to other animals,” to use Heyd’s phraseology. That continuity in its turn rests on the recognition of causality, as opposed to intervention by deity. Based as it is on a theory of human particularism, the “software heresy” of egalitarianism must be able to stand up to the piercing gaze of scientific observation and thus is doomed to at least partial failure, but at what point exactly does the half full glass suddenly become half empty? The twentieth century can be divided into thirds: the first third being one of eugenic utopian thought, the second one of reassessment, with the last third dominated by an anti-hereditarian utopianism. Eugenicists believe that since we now understand the mechanism of evolution and know that human beings are a biological species, the road to perfection is clearly laid out along the lines of scientific selection. In this sense, eugenicists are entirely accurate in their appraisal of humankind, but unrealistic in their assumption that humans are rational and altruistic enough to implement this knowledge for the good of distant ‘future generations.’ By contrast, even those egalitarians (anti-hereditarians) who accept Darwinism assume that evolution has produced only insignificant variance within and between human populations, and evolution has come to a grinding halt for human beings. Thus, utopia is to be found at the end of an environmentally determined rainbow. Essentially, anti-hereditarian egalitarianism is secular religion: if we have been created in the image of God, we are divine too. But ultimately the number of frail links in a chain is meaningless. It snaps whether they are one or many. The current popular assumption is that the normal rules of animal husbandry and population management have little applicability to people. In 1968 Soviet academician Nikolai Dubinin displayed no reticence in